{"id":759,"date":"2026-04-08T11:00:28","date_gmt":"2026-04-08T11:00:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/atlaw.kr\/en-blog\/?p=759"},"modified":"2026-04-08T11:00:39","modified_gmt":"2026-04-08T11:00:39","slug":"forwarding-company-unauthorized-cargo-release-south-korea","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/atlaw.kr\/en-blog\/forwarding-company-unauthorized-cargo-release-south-korea\/","title":{"rendered":"Can You Sue a Forwarder for Unauthorized Cargo Release in South Korea?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!-- Schema Markup --><\/p>\n<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\n    \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n    \"@type\": \"Article\",\n    \"headline\": \"Can You Sue a Forwarding Company for Releasing Cargo Without Permission in South Korea?\",\n    \"description\": \"If your freight forwarder released cargo without your consent before full payment, you may have a damage claim under South Korean law. Attorney analysis of the 2025 Supreme Court ruling (2024Da270860) and practical strategies for exporters.\",\n    \"author\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Person\",\n        \"name\": \"Taejin Kim\",\n        \"jobTitle\": \"Attorney at Law\",\n        \"worksFor\": {\n            \"@type\": \"LegalService\",\n            \"name\": \"Atlas Legal\",\n            \"url\": \"https:\/\/atlaw.kr\",\n            \"address\": {\n                \"@type\": \"PostalAddress\",\n                \"addressLocality\": \"Incheon\",\n                \"addressRegion\": \"Songdo\",\n                \"addressCountry\": \"KR\"\n            }\n        }\n    },\n    \"publisher\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Organization\",\n        \"name\": \"Atlas Legal\",\n        \"url\": \"https:\/\/atlaw.kr\"\n    },\n    \"datePublished\": \"2026-04-08\",\n    \"dateModified\": \"2026-04-08\",\n    \"mainEntityOfPage\": {\n        \"@type\": \"WebPage\"\n    }\n}\n<\/script><\/p>\n<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\n    \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n    \"@type\": \"FAQPage\",\n    \"mainEntity\": [\n        {\n            \"@type\": \"Question\",\n            \"name\": \"Can I claim damages if a freight forwarder in South Korea released my cargo without permission?\",\n            \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n                \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n                \"text\": \"Yes. Under South Korean law, a forwarding company (freight forwarder) acting as a destination freight forwarder commits an unlawful act when it delivers cargo to someone other than the bill of lading holder without authorization. The South Korean Supreme Court reaffirmed this in its August 2025 ruling (2024Da270860). You may claim the full unpaid balance as damages.\"\n            }\n        },\n        {\n            \"@type\": \"Question\",\n            \"name\": \"Does the one-year time bar under South Korean Commercial Act extinguish my claim?\",\n            \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n                \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n                \"text\": \"Not necessarily. Article 814(1) of the South Korean Commercial Act imposes a one-year period for maritime carrier obligations. However, the Supreme Court ruled in 2024Da270860 that this provision does not apply to a freight forwarder that is merely a destination freight forwarder, not a maritime carrier. For tort-based claims, the three-year statute of limitations under Civil Act Article 766 applies instead.\"\n            }\n        },\n        {\n            \"@type\": \"Question\",\n            \"name\": \"What is the difference between a House B\/L and a Master B\/L in South Korea?\",\n            \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n                \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n                \"text\": \"A House B\/L (House Bill of Lading) is issued by the freight forwarder to the exporter. The importer must surrender the original House B\/L to receive a House D\/O and collect the cargo. A Master B\/L is issued by the actual ocean carrier to the freight forwarder. The Master D\/O issued under it authorizes the forwarder to remove cargo from the terminal \u2014 it cannot serve as a delivery order to the importer.\"\n            }\n        },\n        {\n            \"@type\": \"Question\",\n            \"name\": \"Can I hold the Korean freight forwarder liable for acts of its overseas agent in South Korea?\",\n            \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n                \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n                \"text\": \"Yes. The South Korean Supreme Court held in 2024Da270860 that the destination freight forwarder acts as an agent (\u5c65\u884c\u88dc\u52a9\u8005) of the Korean freight forwarder. Under Civil Act Article 391, the agent's negligence is attributed to the principal. Even if the unauthorized cargo release occurred at an overseas port, you may bring a full claim against the Korean forwarder in South Korean courts.\"\n            }\n        },\n        {\n            \"@type\": \"Question\",\n            \"name\": \"Does a Surrender B\/L change the forwarder's liability in South Korea?\",\n            \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n                \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n                \"text\": \"It depends on who authorized the surrender. Only the exporter holding the original B\/L can request surrender processing. If the forwarder processed the surrender or passed the surrendered B\/L copy to the importer without the exporter's consent \u2014 while payment was still outstanding \u2014 the forwarder remains liable for unauthorized delivery under the same tort theory.\"\n            }\n        },\n        {\n            \"@type\": \"Question\",\n            \"name\": \"Can I file a lawsuit in South Korea even if the B\/L terms specify a foreign court?\",\n            \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n                \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n                \"text\": \"Yes, in most cases. When the claim is framed as a tort (unlawful act) rather than a contractual breach, the jurisdiction clause in the B\/L terms does not govern. The 2024Da270860 ruling confirmed that South Korean courts have jurisdiction when the forwarder's unlawful acts were committed in South Korea, and South Korean law applies as the governing law.\"\n            }\n        },\n        {\n            \"@type\": \"Question\",\n            \"name\": \"Are the B\/L terms limiting liability or shortening the filing period enforceable in South Korea?\",\n            \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n                \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n                \"text\": \"No, when gross negligence or willful misconduct is involved. The Daegu High Court (91Na6338, 1992) held that short-filing clauses and per-package liability caps in B\/L terms do not apply where the claim arises from gross negligence or intentional tort. Delivering cargo without surrendering the original B\/L is itself recognized as gross negligence under this precedent.\"\n            }\n        }\n    ]\n}\n<\/script><\/p>\n<p><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\n    \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n    \"@type\": \"LocalBusiness\",\n    \"name\": \"Atlas Legal\",\n    \"image\": \"https:\/\/atlaw.kr\/logo.png\",\n    \"url\": \"https:\/\/atlaw.kr\",\n    \"telephone\": \"+82-32-864-8300\",\n    \"address\": {\n        \"@type\": \"PostalAddress\",\n        \"streetAddress\": \"323 Incheon Tower-daero, Tower B, Suite 2901 (Songdo-dong, Centrode)\",\n        \"addressLocality\": \"Incheon\",\n        \"addressRegion\": \"Yeonsu-gu\",\n        \"addressCountry\": \"KR\"\n    },\n    \"priceRange\": \"$$\",\n    \"openingHoursSpecification\": {\n        \"@type\": \"OpeningHoursSpecification\",\n        \"dayOfWeek\": [\"Monday\",\"Tuesday\",\"Wednesday\",\"Thursday\",\"Friday\"],\n        \"opens\": \"09:00\",\n        \"closes\": \"18:00\"\n    }\n}\n<\/script><\/p>\n<p><!-- CSS --><\/p>\n<style>\n    body {\n        font-family: Georgia, serif;\n        line-height: 1.6;\n        max-width: 1000px;\n        margin: 0 auto;\n        padding: 20px;\n        background-color: #f9f9f9;\n    }\n    .content-container {\n        background-color: white;\n        padding: 20px;\n        margin: 0;\n    }\n    h2 {\n        font-size: 22px;\n        color: #2c3e50;\n        margin-top: 30px;\n        margin-bottom: 10px;\n    }\n    h3 {\n        font-size: 20px;\n        color: #34495e;\n        margin-top: 20px;\n        margin-bottom: 10px;\n    }\n    p, li {\n        font-size: 18px;\n        color: #333;\n        margin-bottom: 10px;\n        margin-top: 0;\n    }\n    ul, ol {\n        padding-left: 25px;\n        margin: 10px 0;\n    }\n    li {\n        margin-bottom: 5px;\n    }\n    table {\n        width: 100%;\n        border-collapse: collapse;\n        margin: 15px 0;\n    }\n    th, td {\n        border: 1px solid #ddd;\n        padding: 10px;\n        text-align: left;\n        font-size: 16px;\n    }\n    th {\n        background-color: #f5f5f5;\n        font-weight: bold;\n    }\n    .toc {\n        padding: 15px;\n        border-radius: 0;\n        margin-bottom: 20px;\n        background-color: #f5f5f5;\n    }\n    .toc h2 {\n        font-size: 20px;\n        margin-top: 0;\n        margin-bottom: 10px;\n    }\n    .toc ul {\n        list-style-type: none;\n        padding-left: 0;\n        margin: 0;\n    }\n    .toc ul li {\n        margin-bottom: 5px;\n    }\n    .toc a {\n        text-decoration: none !important;\n        color: #3498db;\n        border-bottom: none !important;\n    }\n    .toc a:hover {\n        text-decoration: underline;\n    }\n    .story-hook {\n        padding: 15px 20px;\n        margin-bottom: 15px;\n        border-radius: 0;\n        background-color: #f5f5f5;\n    }\n    .story-hook p {\n        font-style: italic;\n        color: #555;\n        line-height: 1.6;\n        font-size: 17px;\n        margin: 0;\n    }\n    .direct-answer {\n        padding: 15px;\n        border-radius: 0;\n        margin-bottom: 20px;\n        font-weight: 500;\n        background-color: #f5f5f5;\n    }\n    .story-detail {\n        padding: 20px;\n        border-radius: 0;\n        margin: 20px 0;\n        background-color: #f5f5f5;\n    }\n    .story-detail h3 {\n        margin-top: 0;\n        font-size: 19px;\n        color: #2c3e50;\n    }\n    .story-detail p {\n        line-height: 1.8;\n        color: #444;\n    }\n    .disclaimer {\n        font-size: 15px;\n        color: #666;\n        font-style: italic;\n        margin-bottom: 15px;\n    }\n    .faq-section {\n        padding: 20px;\n        border-radius: 0;\n        margin: 30px 0;\n        background-color: #f5f5f5;\n    }\n    .faq-item {\n        margin-bottom: 20px;\n    }\n    .faq-question {\n        font-weight: bold;\n        color: #2c3e50;\n        margin-bottom: 8px;\n        font-size: 18px;\n    }\n    .faq-answer {\n        color: #555;\n        font-size: 17px;\n        line-height: 1.6;\n    }\n    .author-box {\n        background-color: #f8f9fa;\n        padding: 20px;\n        border-radius: 0;\n        margin-top: 30px;\n        border-left: 2px solid #722f37;\n    }\n    .author-box h3 {\n        margin-top: 0;\n        margin-bottom: 10px;\n        font-size: 20px;\n        color: #2c3e50;\n        font-weight: bold;\n    }\n    .author-box .author-name {\n        font-size: 18px;\n        font-weight: bold;\n        color: #333;\n        margin-bottom: 5px;\n    }\n    .author-box .author-info {\n        font-size: 16px;\n        color: #555;\n        margin-bottom: 5px;\n        line-height: 1.4;\n    }\n    .author-box a {\n        display: inline-block;\n        background-color: #722f37;\n        color: white;\n        padding: 12px 24px;\n        text-decoration: none;\n        border-radius: 6px;\n        font-size: 16px;\n        font-weight: bold;\n        border: 2px solid #722f37;\n        cursor: pointer;\n        box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(114, 47, 55, 0.3);\n        margin-top: 5px;\n    }\n    br {\n        display: none;\n    }\n    strong {\n        font-weight: bold;\n    }\n    @media (max-width: 768px) {\n        body { padding: 10px; }\n        .content-container { padding: 15px; }\n        h2 { font-size: 18px; }\n        h3 { font-size: 17px; }\n        p, li { font-size: 16px; }\n        th, td { font-size: 14px; padding: 8px; }\n    }\n    .site-container, .content-area, .entry-content {\n        padding: 0;\n        margin: 0;\n    }\n    .entry-content > *:first-child {\n        margin-top: 0 !important;\n    }\n    .entry-content {\n        margin-top: 0 !important;\n    }\n    .kb-row-container, .kb-column-container {\n        margin: 0;\n        padding: 0;\n    }\n<\/style>\n<p><!-- Body Content --><\/p>\n<div class=\"content-container\">\n<p>    <!-- Table of Contents --><\/p>\n<div class=\"toc\">\n<h2>Table of Contents<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#section1\">1. How Does Cargo Delivery Work Under South Korean Maritime Law?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#section2\">2. What Happens When a Forwarder Delivers Cargo Without the B\/L in South Korea?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#section3\">3. Is the One-Year Time Bar a Dead End for Your Claim in South Korea?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#section4\">4. Do B\/L Terms Limit the Forwarder&#8217;s Liability in South Korea?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#section5\">5. Does a Surrender B\/L Eliminate the Forwarder&#8217;s Liability in South Korea?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#section6\">6. Where Can You File? Jurisdiction and Governing Law in South Korea<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#section7\">7. FAQ<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\n<p>    <!-- Story Hook --><\/p>\n<div class=\"story-hook\">\n<p><strong>Hypothetical scenario:<\/strong> X, a South Korean exporter of used industrial machinery, shipped a 40-foot container to Penang, Malaysia through a local freight forwarder. With USD 28,150 still outstanding, X had explicitly instructed the forwarder not to release the cargo until full payment was received. Days after the vessel arrived, the importer had already collected the container \u2014 without ever paying the balance. A year of emails went unanswered. What legal options remain?<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>    <!-- Direct Answer --><\/p>\n<div class=\"direct-answer\">\n        <strong>Direct Answer:<\/strong> Under South Korean law, a freight forwarder that delivers cargo without surrendering the bill of lading commits an unlawful act and is liable for the full amount of unpaid proceeds (Supreme Court of South Korea, August 14, 2025, 2024Da270860). The one-year Commercial Act time bar does not apply to forwarders acting as destination freight forwarders \u2014 tort claims remain viable for three years from the date the exporter discovered the loss.\n    <\/div>\n<p>    <!-- Story Development --><\/p>\n<div class=\"story-detail\">\n<h3>Why Does This Keep Happening \u2014 and Why Does the Korean Forwarder Bear Responsibility?<\/h3>\n<p class=\"disclaimer\">\u203b The scenario above is a hypothetical illustration. Any resemblance to actual cases is coincidental, and no client information is disclosed.<\/p>\n<p>In short-distance trade routes, cargo routinely arrives before the original bill of lading reaches the destination. To avoid demurrage charges, local agents often release cargo using only a Master D\/O copy \u2014 bypassing the House B\/L surrender process that protects the exporter&#8217;s right to receive payment. The South Korean Supreme Court addressed this exact pattern in its August 2025 ruling. The court held the Korean freight forwarder liable even though the physical release was carried out by its overseas agent, because that agent is legally the forwarder&#8217;s performance assistant. The following sections walk through the key legal principles from that ruling and explain how they apply to exporters dealing with unauthorized cargo release in South Korea.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>    <!-- Section 1 --><br \/>\n    <\/p>\n<h2 id=\"section1\">1. How Does Cargo Delivery Work Under South Korean Maritime Law?<\/h2>\n<p>Understanding the dual bill of lading structure is essential to evaluating any unauthorized delivery claim under South Korean law.<\/p>\n<h3>The Two-Tier B\/L Structure in South Korea<\/h3>\n<p>When a freight forwarder accepts cargo for international shipment, two sets of transport documents are typically issued. The <strong>House B\/L<\/strong> is issued by the freight forwarder to the exporter. It is a negotiable instrument that can be used for documentary collection (D\/P) or letter of credit negotiations. The importer must surrender the original House B\/L to the destination agent in exchange for a House D\/O before collecting cargo. The <strong>Master B\/L<\/strong> is issued by the actual ocean carrier to the freight forwarder. The freight forwarder uses it to obtain a Master D\/O from the carrier \u2014 which authorizes the forwarder, not the importer, to remove cargo from the terminal.<\/p>\n<p>The Supreme Court of South Korea made this distinction explicit in its 2024Da270860 ruling: the Master D\/O &#8220;cannot serve as a delivery order to the importer&#8221; because it is addressed to the freight forwarder as the holder of the Master B\/L.<\/p>\n<h3>The Four-Step Delivery Sequence Required by South Korean Law<\/h3>\n<table>\n<tr>\n<th>Step<\/th>\n<th>Action<\/th>\n<th>Who Acts<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>Carrier issues Master D\/O to the freight forwarder; forwarder removes cargo from terminal to bonded warehouse<\/td>\n<td>Ocean carrier \u2192 Forwarder<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>Importer pays outstanding balance to exporter and receives original House B\/L<\/td>\n<td>Importer \u2192 Exporter<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td>Importer surrenders original House B\/L to destination agent; agent issues House D\/O<\/td>\n<td>Importer \u2192 Destination agent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>Importer presents House D\/O to bonded warehouse and collects cargo<\/td>\n<td>Importer \u2192 Warehouse<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<p>Steps 2 and 3 are the critical safeguards for the exporter. When a local agent skips them \u2014 passing the Master D\/O copy directly to the importer \u2014 the exporter&#8217;s right to receive payment is extinguished before it can be enforced.<\/p>\n<p>    <!-- Section 2 --><br \/>\n    <\/p>\n<h2 id=\"section2\">2. What Happens When a Forwarder Delivers Cargo Without the B\/L in South Korea?<\/h2>\n<p>Unauthorized delivery without surrendering the bill of lading constitutes a tort under South Korean law, regardless of whether the forwarder is classified as a carrier or a freight broker.<\/p>\n<h3>The 2025 Supreme Court Ruling: 2024Da270860<\/h3>\n<p>The Supreme Court of South Korea held on August 14, 2025: &#8220;Since maritime cargo must be delivered against the surrender of the bill of lading to its holder, when a destination freight forwarder delivers the cargo to a person other than the bill of lading holder, thereby making it impossible to deliver the cargo to the holder, this constitutes an unlawful act that illegally infringes the bill of lading holder&#8217;s rights to the cargo&#8221; (citing prior rulings 2004Da12394 and 2016Da276719). The court further stated that passing a Master D\/O copy to the importer without confirming payment &#8220;is an act carried out entirely under the joint risk of the bonded warehouse operator and the freight forwarder, and if the rights of the legitimate bill of lading holder are thereby infringed, it is appropriate for the freight forwarder to bear liability for damages.&#8221;<\/p>\n<h3>Liability of the Korean Forwarder for Its Overseas Agent&#8217;s Acts<\/h3>\n<p>The same ruling confirmed that a destination freight forwarder is a &#8220;performance assistant&#8221; (\uc774\ud589\ubcf4\uc870\uc790) of the Korean forwarder under Civil Act Article 391. This means that the negligence of the local Malaysian agent \u2014 in releasing cargo without verifying House B\/L surrender \u2014 is directly attributable to the Korean forwarder. The exporter can bring a full claim against the Korean entity without having to pursue proceedings in Malaysia.<\/p>\n<h3>Carrier vs. Freight Broker: Does the Classification Matter?<\/h3>\n<p>Under South Korean Commercial Act Article 115, even a pure freight broker bears the burden of proving that it exercised due care in handling the cargo. If it cannot discharge that burden, liability follows. If the forwarder issued the House B\/L in its own name and charged a consolidated freight rate (rather than a pure brokerage fee), South Korean courts are likely to treat it as a contracting carrier \u2014 imposing an even higher standard of responsibility (Seoul Central District Court, June 24, 2016, 2015Na31659).<\/p>\n<p>    <!-- Section 3 --><br \/>\n    <\/p>\n<h2 id=\"section3\">3. Is the One-Year Time Bar a Dead End for Your Claim in South Korea?<\/h2>\n<p>The one-year period is a common defense raised by forwarders in South Korea, but it is far from automatic.<\/p>\n<h3>Article 814 of the South Korean Commercial Act Does Not Apply to Freight Forwarders<\/h3>\n<p>Article 814(1) of the South Korean Commercial Act reads: &#8220;The obligations of the carrier to the consignee and of the consignee to the carrier shall be extinguished unless a judicial claim is made within one year from the date the carrier delivered or was to deliver the cargo to the consignee, regardless of the cause of action.&#8221; The Supreme Court in 2024Da270860 held that this provision presupposes the defendant is a maritime carrier or its performance assistant. Where the defendant is merely a destination freight forwarder or domestic partner \u2014 not a maritime carrier \u2014 the Article 814 time bar has no application.<\/p>\n<h3>Tort Claims Are Governed by a Three-Year Statute of Limitations<\/h3>\n<p>For tort-based claims under South Korean Civil Act Article 750, Article 766 of the Civil Act provides the applicable limitations period: three years from the date the plaintiff knew of the loss and the identity of the wrongdoer, and ten years from the date of the unlawful act. If the exporter discovered the unauthorized release in early 2025, the three-year window runs until early 2028.<\/p>\n<h3>Article 121 of the Commercial Act Also Does Not Apply to Tort Claims<\/h3>\n<p>The one-year short-form statute of limitations for freight brokers under Commercial Act Article 121(1) applies only to contractual breach claims, not to tort claims. Furthermore, Article 121(3) provides that even this provision does not apply where the freight broker or its agent acted in bad faith. Where the forwarder knowingly passed the Master D\/O copy to the importer, bad faith may be arguable.<\/p>\n<p>    <!-- Section 4 --><br \/>\n    <\/p>\n<h2 id=\"section4\">4. Do B\/L Terms Limit the Forwarder&#8217;s Liability in South Korea?<\/h2>\n<p>Freight forwarders routinely include short-filing clauses (e.g., nine months) and per-package or per-kilogram liability caps in their House B\/L terms. Under South Korean law, these clauses do not shield the forwarder when gross negligence is involved.<\/p>\n<h3>Gross Negligence Defeats B\/L Liability Limitations in South Korea<\/h3>\n<p>The Daegu High Court ruled in its November 12, 1992 decision (91Na6338): &#8220;Clauses specifying a filing period in the terms and conditions printed on the reverse of a bill of lading do not apply where gross negligence or willful misconduct gives rise to the tort claim.&#8221; The same ruling held that liability cap clauses likewise &#8220;do not apply, absent special circumstances, where the claim arises from gross negligence or intentional tort.&#8221; The court found that delivering cargo without surrendering the bill of lading \u2014 thereby infringing the holder&#8217;s security interest \u2014 constitutes &#8220;a serious lack of the duty of care required of a freight forwarder, amounting to gross negligence.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>In practice, this means that once an unauthorized delivery is established, the forwarder cannot invoke the per-kilogram SDR cap or the nine-month filing clause to reduce or time-bar the claim.<\/p>\n<p>    <!-- Section 5 --><br \/>\n    <\/p>\n<h2 id=\"section5\">5. Does a Surrender B\/L Eliminate the Forwarder&#8217;s Liability in South Korea?<\/h2>\n<p>A Surrender B\/L \u2014 sometimes stamped &#8220;SURRENDERED&#8221; or processed as a &#8220;Telex Release&#8221; \u2014 is commonly used in short-haul trades such as Korea\u2013Malaysia routes to allow delivery without the original B\/L. Its legal effect under South Korean law is narrow and carefully defined.<\/p>\n<h3>What a Surrender B\/L Does \u2014 and Does Not \u2014 Do<\/h3>\n<p>The Supreme Court of South Korea addressed Surrender B\/Ls in its September 28, 2016 ruling (2016Da213237). A Surrender B\/L extinguishes only the <em>negotiability<\/em> of the original bill of lading \u2014 the obligation to present the original in exchange for cargo. It does not eliminate the underlying contractual terms printed on the reverse. Once surrendered, the carrier or its agent may deliver cargo to the named consignee without requiring the original document.<\/p>\n<h3>The Critical Question: Who Authorized the Surrender?<\/h3>\n<p>Only the exporter holding the original House B\/L can authorize the surrender. The Supreme Court confirmed in 2016Da276719 (April 11, 2019) that where a Surrender B\/L has been issued, the shipping agent &#8220;may, absent special circumstances, issue a Delivery Order to the consignee named in the transport contract without recovering the original bill of lading.&#8221; However, this authority flows from the <em>exporter&#8217;s consent<\/em> to surrender. If the freight forwarder processed the surrender \u2014 or circulated the surrendered copy to the importer \u2014 without the exporter&#8217;s authorization and while payment was still outstanding, the surrender processing itself constitutes an unauthorized act. The forwarder remains liable on the same tort theory as an ordinary unauthorized delivery.<\/p>\n<p>    <!-- Section 6 --><br \/>\n    <\/p>\n<h2 id=\"section6\">6. Where Can You File? Jurisdiction and Governing Law in South Korea<\/h2>\n<p>Exporters dealing with a Korean freight forwarder can typically file in South Korean courts, even where the B\/L terms point to a foreign forum.<\/p>\n<h3>South Korean Courts Have Jurisdiction Over Tort Claims<\/h3>\n<p>The 2024Da270860 ruling arose from a claim by a US company against a Korean freight forwarder. The Supreme Court affirmed that because &#8220;all unlawful acts alleged by the plaintiff were committed in the Republic of Korea, the governing law is the law of the Republic of Korea.&#8221; South Korean courts have jurisdiction over tort claims where the unlawful act was committed in South Korea \u2014 including the forwarder&#8217;s decision to pass documents to its overseas agent or to process a surrender without authorization.<\/p>\n<h3>B\/L Jurisdiction Clauses Do Not Apply to Tort Claims<\/h3>\n<p>When the claim is framed as a tort rather than a contractual breach, the forum selection clause in the B\/L terms does not govern. The same principle that defeats the B\/L liability cap also defeats the jurisdiction clause: neither applies to gross negligence tort claims under South Korean law. Where both parties are Korean entities, the practical case for filing in South Korea is even stronger \u2014 enforcement of any judgment is straightforward without the need for recognition proceedings abroad.<\/p>\n<p>    <!-- FAQ Section --><br \/>\n    <\/p>\n<h2 id=\"section7\">7. FAQ<\/h2>\n<div class=\"faq-section\">\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<div class=\"faq-question\">Q1. Can I claim damages if a freight forwarder in South Korea released my cargo without permission?<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-answer\">A. Yes. Under South Korean law, delivering cargo to a person other than the bill of lading holder without authorization constitutes an unlawful act. The Supreme Court of South Korea reaffirmed this principle in its August 2025 ruling (2024Da270860). You may claim the full unpaid balance as damages.<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<div class=\"faq-question\">Q2. Does the one-year time bar under the South Korean Commercial Act extinguish my claim?<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-answer\">A. Not necessarily. Article 814(1) of the South Korean Commercial Act applies to maritime carriers, not to freight forwarders acting as destination agents. The 2024Da270860 ruling explicitly rejected the application of this provision to a destination freight forwarder. For tort claims, a three-year statute of limitations under Civil Act Article 766 applies.<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<div class=\"faq-question\">Q3. Can I hold the Korean freight forwarder liable for what its overseas agent did?<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-answer\">A. Yes. South Korean law treats the overseas destination agent as the Korean forwarder&#8217;s performance assistant (\uc774\ud589\ubcf4\uc870\uc790) under Civil Act Article 391. The local agent&#8217;s negligence in releasing cargo without B\/L surrender is directly attributed to the Korean forwarder. You can bring the full claim against the Korean entity in South Korean courts (Supreme Court, 2024Da270860).<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<div class=\"faq-question\">Q4. The B\/L terms say I had nine months to file a claim. Is that enforceable in South Korea?<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-answer\">A. No, where the claim arises from gross negligence or willful misconduct. The Daegu High Court held in 91Na6338 (1992) that short-filing clauses in B\/L terms do not apply to tort claims based on gross negligence. Delivering cargo without surrendering the B\/L is itself recognized as gross negligence. The same ruling holds that per-kilogram liability caps are equally inapplicable.<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<div class=\"faq-question\">Q5. Does a Surrender B\/L mean the forwarder had the right to release the cargo in South Korea?<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-answer\">A. Only if the exporter consented to the surrender. Under South Korean law (2016Da213237; 2016Da276719), only the holder of the original B\/L can authorize surrender. If the forwarder processed the surrender or passed the surrendered copy to the importer without the exporter&#8217;s knowledge and while payment was outstanding, the forwarder remains liable for unauthorized delivery.<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<div class=\"faq-question\">Q6. Can I file in South Korea even if the B\/L has a foreign jurisdiction clause?<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-answer\">A. Yes, in most cases. When the claim is structured as a tort rather than a contract dispute, the B\/L&#8217;s forum selection clause does not apply. The Supreme Court in 2024Da270860 confirmed that South Korean courts have jurisdiction where the forwarder&#8217;s unlawful acts were committed in South Korea, and applied South Korean law as the governing law.<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<div class=\"faq-question\">Q7. What documents should I gather to support a claim against a freight forwarder in South Korea?<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-answer\">A. Key documents include: the House B\/L (to establish you as the rightful holder), the Master B\/L and Master D\/O (to trace how cargo was released), the commercial invoice and payment records (to quantify the unpaid balance), email and messaging records with the forwarder (to show the payment condition and absence of your consent), and any freight invoices from the forwarder (to determine whether it acted as a contracting carrier or a pure broker).<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>    <!-- Experience note --><\/p>\n<p>Atlas Legal is a corporate law firm based in Incheon Songdo, South Korea, serving both domestic companies and internationally-oriented businesses in the Incheon Free Economic Zone. Our practice covers maritime cargo disputes, freight forwarder liability claims, and cross-border commercial litigation in South Korea. We have handled cases involving unauthorized cargo release and statute of limitations defenses, and have experience advising exporters on structuring their claims to maximize recovery under South Korean law.<\/p>\n<p class=\"disclaimer\">\u203b The legal information in this article is provided for general informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. The applicable law and outcome will vary depending on the specific facts of each case. Please consult a qualified attorney before taking legal action.<\/p>\n<p>    <!-- Author Box --><\/p>\n<div class=\"author-box\">\n<h3>About the Author<\/h3>\n<div class=\"author-name\">Taejin Kim | Managing Attorney<\/div>\n<div class=\"author-info\">Corporate Advisory, Corporate Disputes &amp; Corporate Criminal Defense<\/div>\n<div class=\"author-info\">Former Prosecutor | Judicial Research &amp; Training Institute, 33rd Class<\/div>\n<div class=\"author-info\">LL.B. &amp; LL.M. in Criminal Law, Korea University | LL.M., University of California, Davis<\/div>\n<div class=\"author-info\">Atlas Legal | Incheon Songdo, South Korea<\/div>\n<p>        <a href=\"https:\/\/atlaw.kr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Visit Atlas Legal<\/a>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Table of Contents 1. How Does Cargo Delivery Work Under South Korean Maritime Law? 2. What Happens When a Forwarder Delivers Cargo Without the B\/L in South Korea? 3. Is the One-Year Time Bar a Dead End for Your Claim in South Korea? 4. Do B\/L Terms Limit the Forwarder&#8217;s Liability in South Korea? 5&#8230;.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kadence_starter_templates_imported_post":false,"_kad_post_transparent":"default","_kad_post_title":"default","_kad_post_layout":"default","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"default","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"default","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[223,15,221],"tags":[649,646,648,650,647],"class_list":["post-759","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-corporate-disputes","category-corporate","category-international-disputes","tag-bill-of-lading","tag-freight-forwarder-liability","tag-south-korea-maritime-law","tag-tort-claim-south-korea","tag-unauthorized-cargo-release"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Can You Sue a Forwarder for Unauthorized Cargo Release in South Korea? | Atlas Legal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Freight forwarder released your cargo without consent in South Korea? Learn your legal options under the 2025 Supreme Court ruling \u2014 tort claims, time bars, and Surrender B\/L liability explained.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/atlaw.kr\/en-blog\/forwarding-company-unauthorized-cargo-release-south-korea\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ko_KR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Can You Sue a Forwarder for Unauthorized Cargo Release in South Korea? | Atlas Legal\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Freight forwarder released your cargo without consent in South Korea? Learn your legal options under the 2025 Supreme Court ruling \u2014 tort claims, time bars, and Surrender B\/L liability explained.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/atlaw.kr\/en-blog\/forwarding-company-unauthorized-cargo-release-south-korea\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Atlas Legal Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2026-04-08T11:00:28+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-04-08T11:00:39+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"\ubc95\ubb34\ubc95\uc778 \uc544\ud2c0\ub77c\uc2a4\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\uae00\uc4f4\uc774\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"\ubc95\ubb34\ubc95\uc778 \uc544\ud2c0\ub77c\uc2a4\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\uc608\uc0c1 \ub418\ub294 \ud310\ub3c5 \uc2dc\uac04\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"15\ubd84\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atlaw.kr\\\/en-blog\\\/forwarding-company-unauthorized-cargo-release-south-korea\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atlaw.kr\\\/en-blog\\\/forwarding-company-unauthorized-cargo-release-south-korea\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"\ubc95\ubb34\ubc95\uc778 \uc544\ud2c0\ub77c\uc2a4\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atlaw.kr\\\/en-blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/184bcdecc06f89fd6c36b29781165b55\"},\"headline\":\"Can You Sue a Forwarder for Unauthorized Cargo Release in South Korea?\",\"datePublished\":\"2026-04-08T11:00:28+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-04-08T11:00:39+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atlaw.kr\\\/en-blog\\\/forwarding-company-unauthorized-cargo-release-south-korea\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":2701,\"commentCount\":0,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atlaw.kr\\\/en-blog\\\/#organization\"},\"keywords\":[\"bill of lading\",\"freight forwarder liability\",\"South Korea maritime law\",\"tort claim South Korea\",\"unauthorized cargo release\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Corporate Disputes\",\"Corporate\\\/International\",\"International Disputes\"],\"inLanguage\":\"ko-KR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"CommentAction\",\"name\":\"Comment\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/atlaw.kr\\\/en-blog\\\/forwarding-company-unauthorized-cargo-release-south-korea\\\/#respond\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atlaw.kr\\\/en-blog\\\/forwarding-company-unauthorized-cargo-release-south-korea\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atlaw.kr\\\/en-blog\\\/forwarding-company-unauthorized-cargo-release-south-korea\\\/\",\"name\":\"Can You Sue a Forwarder for Unauthorized Cargo Release in South Korea? | Atlas Legal\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atlaw.kr\\\/en-blog\\\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2026-04-08T11:00:28+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-04-08T11:00:39+00:00\",\"description\":\"Freight forwarder released your cargo without consent in South Korea? Learn your legal options under the 2025 Supreme Court ruling \u2014 tort claims, time bars, and Surrender B\\\/L liability explained.\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atlaw.kr\\\/en-blog\\\/forwarding-company-unauthorized-cargo-release-south-korea\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"ko-KR\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/atlaw.kr\\\/en-blog\\\/forwarding-company-unauthorized-cargo-release-south-korea\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atlaw.kr\\\/en-blog\\\/forwarding-company-unauthorized-cargo-release-south-korea\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"\ud648\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atlaw.kr\\\/en-blog\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Can You Sue a Forwarder for Unauthorized Cargo Release in South Korea?\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atlaw.kr\\\/en-blog\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atlaw.kr\\\/en-blog\\\/\",\"name\":\"Atlas Legal English Blog\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atlaw.kr\\\/en-blog\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atlaw.kr\\\/en-blog\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"ko-KR\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atlaw.kr\\\/en-blog\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Atlas Legal English Blog\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atlaw.kr\\\/en-blog\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ko-KR\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atlaw.kr\\\/en-blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atlaw.kr\\\/en-blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/3\\\/2025\\\/09\\\/\ud3f4\ub354-\uc0c1\ub2e8-\uc9c1\uc0ac\uac01\ud615.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atlaw.kr\\\/en-blog\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/3\\\/2025\\\/09\\\/\ud3f4\ub354-\uc0c1\ub2e8-\uc9c1\uc0ac\uac01\ud615.png\",\"width\":540,\"height\":485,\"caption\":\"Atlas Legal English Blog\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atlaw.kr\\\/en-blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atlaw.kr\\\/en-blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/184bcdecc06f89fd6c36b29781165b55\",\"name\":\"\ubc95\ubb34\ubc95\uc778 \uc544\ud2c0\ub77c\uc2a4\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ko-KR\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/d4c25916239244225f5f853b2ddf50fdcb7ea24d63347445261fe71c707cc558?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/d4c25916239244225f5f853b2ddf50fdcb7ea24d63347445261fe71c707cc558?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/d4c25916239244225f5f853b2ddf50fdcb7ea24d63347445261fe71c707cc558?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"\ubc95\ubb34\ubc95\uc778 \uc544\ud2c0\ub77c\uc2a4\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/atlaw.kr\"],\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/atlaw.kr\\\/en-blog\\\/author\\\/prinz001\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Can You Sue a Forwarder for Unauthorized Cargo Release in South Korea? | Atlas Legal","description":"Freight forwarder released your cargo without consent in South Korea? Learn your legal options under the 2025 Supreme Court ruling \u2014 tort claims, time bars, and Surrender B\/L liability explained.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/atlaw.kr\/en-blog\/forwarding-company-unauthorized-cargo-release-south-korea\/","og_locale":"ko_KR","og_type":"article","og_title":"Can You Sue a Forwarder for Unauthorized Cargo Release in South Korea? | Atlas Legal","og_description":"Freight forwarder released your cargo without consent in South Korea? Learn your legal options under the 2025 Supreme Court ruling \u2014 tort claims, time bars, and Surrender B\/L liability explained.","og_url":"https:\/\/atlaw.kr\/en-blog\/forwarding-company-unauthorized-cargo-release-south-korea\/","og_site_name":"Atlas Legal Blog","article_published_time":"2026-04-08T11:00:28+00:00","article_modified_time":"2026-04-08T11:00:39+00:00","author":"\ubc95\ubb34\ubc95\uc778 \uc544\ud2c0\ub77c\uc2a4","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"\uae00\uc4f4\uc774":"\ubc95\ubb34\ubc95\uc778 \uc544\ud2c0\ub77c\uc2a4","\uc608\uc0c1 \ub418\ub294 \ud310\ub3c5 \uc2dc\uac04":"15\ubd84"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/atlaw.kr\/en-blog\/forwarding-company-unauthorized-cargo-release-south-korea\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/atlaw.kr\/en-blog\/forwarding-company-unauthorized-cargo-release-south-korea\/"},"author":{"name":"\ubc95\ubb34\ubc95\uc778 \uc544\ud2c0\ub77c\uc2a4","@id":"https:\/\/atlaw.kr\/en-blog\/#\/schema\/person\/184bcdecc06f89fd6c36b29781165b55"},"headline":"Can You Sue a Forwarder for Unauthorized Cargo Release in South Korea?","datePublished":"2026-04-08T11:00:28+00:00","dateModified":"2026-04-08T11:00:39+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/atlaw.kr\/en-blog\/forwarding-company-unauthorized-cargo-release-south-korea\/"},"wordCount":2701,"commentCount":0,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/atlaw.kr\/en-blog\/#organization"},"keywords":["bill of lading","freight forwarder liability","South Korea maritime law","tort claim South Korea","unauthorized cargo release"],"articleSection":["Corporate Disputes","Corporate\/International","International Disputes"],"inLanguage":"ko-KR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"CommentAction","name":"Comment","target":["https:\/\/atlaw.kr\/en-blog\/forwarding-company-unauthorized-cargo-release-south-korea\/#respond"]}]},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/atlaw.kr\/en-blog\/forwarding-company-unauthorized-cargo-release-south-korea\/","url":"https:\/\/atlaw.kr\/en-blog\/forwarding-company-unauthorized-cargo-release-south-korea\/","name":"Can You Sue a Forwarder for Unauthorized Cargo Release in South Korea? | Atlas Legal","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/atlaw.kr\/en-blog\/#website"},"datePublished":"2026-04-08T11:00:28+00:00","dateModified":"2026-04-08T11:00:39+00:00","description":"Freight forwarder released your cargo without consent in South Korea? Learn your legal options under the 2025 Supreme Court ruling \u2014 tort claims, time bars, and Surrender B\/L liability explained.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/atlaw.kr\/en-blog\/forwarding-company-unauthorized-cargo-release-south-korea\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"ko-KR","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/atlaw.kr\/en-blog\/forwarding-company-unauthorized-cargo-release-south-korea\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/atlaw.kr\/en-blog\/forwarding-company-unauthorized-cargo-release-south-korea\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"\ud648","item":"https:\/\/atlaw.kr\/en-blog\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Can You Sue a Forwarder for Unauthorized Cargo Release in South Korea?"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/atlaw.kr\/en-blog\/#website","url":"https:\/\/atlaw.kr\/en-blog\/","name":"Atlas Legal English Blog","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/atlaw.kr\/en-blog\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/atlaw.kr\/en-blog\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"ko-KR"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/atlaw.kr\/en-blog\/#organization","name":"Atlas Legal English Blog","url":"https:\/\/atlaw.kr\/en-blog\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ko-KR","@id":"https:\/\/atlaw.kr\/en-blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/atlaw.kr\/en-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/09\/\ud3f4\ub354-\uc0c1\ub2e8-\uc9c1\uc0ac\uac01\ud615.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/atlaw.kr\/en-blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/3\/2025\/09\/\ud3f4\ub354-\uc0c1\ub2e8-\uc9c1\uc0ac\uac01\ud615.png","width":540,"height":485,"caption":"Atlas Legal English Blog"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/atlaw.kr\/en-blog\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/atlaw.kr\/en-blog\/#\/schema\/person\/184bcdecc06f89fd6c36b29781165b55","name":"\ubc95\ubb34\ubc95\uc778 \uc544\ud2c0\ub77c\uc2a4","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ko-KR","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/d4c25916239244225f5f853b2ddf50fdcb7ea24d63347445261fe71c707cc558?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/d4c25916239244225f5f853b2ddf50fdcb7ea24d63347445261fe71c707cc558?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/d4c25916239244225f5f853b2ddf50fdcb7ea24d63347445261fe71c707cc558?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"\ubc95\ubb34\ubc95\uc778 \uc544\ud2c0\ub77c\uc2a4"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/atlaw.kr"],"url":"https:\/\/atlaw.kr\/en-blog\/author\/prinz001\/"}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/atlaw.kr\/en-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/759","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/atlaw.kr\/en-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/atlaw.kr\/en-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atlaw.kr\/en-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atlaw.kr\/en-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=759"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/atlaw.kr\/en-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/759\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":760,"href":"https:\/\/atlaw.kr\/en-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/759\/revisions\/760"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/atlaw.kr\/en-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=759"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atlaw.kr\/en-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=759"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atlaw.kr\/en-blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=759"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}