{"id":750,"date":"2026-04-03T00:10:14","date_gmt":"2026-04-03T00:10:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/atlaw.kr\/en-blog\/?p=750"},"modified":"2026-04-03T00:10:14","modified_gmt":"2026-04-03T00:10:14","slug":"parallel-import-countermeasures-south-korea","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/atlaw.kr\/en-blog\/parallel-import-countermeasures-south-korea\/","title":{"rendered":"How to Stop Parallel Importers in South Korea: Legal Guide"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><!-- Article Schema --><br \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\n    \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n    \"@type\": \"Article\",\n    \"headline\": \"How Can Exclusive Importers Stop Parallel Importers in South Korea? A Legal Guide with Case Law\",\n    \"description\": \"Parallel imports are legal in South Korea, but trademark misuse, ad image theft, and business identity confusion can be challenged under the Unfair Competition Prevention Act, Trademark Act, and Copyright Act. Korean case law and practical strategies explained.\",\n    \"author\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Person\",\n        \"name\": \"Taejin Kim\",\n        \"jobTitle\": \"Attorney at Law\",\n        \"worksFor\": {\n            \"@type\": \"LegalService\",\n            \"name\": \"Atlas Legal\",\n            \"url\": \"https:\/\/atlaw.kr\",\n            \"address\": {\n                \"@type\": \"PostalAddress\",\n                \"addressLocality\": \"Incheon\",\n                \"addressRegion\": \"Songdo\",\n                \"addressCountry\": \"KR\"\n            }\n        }\n    },\n    \"publisher\": {\n        \"@type\": \"Organization\",\n        \"name\": \"Atlas Legal\",\n        \"url\": \"https:\/\/atlaw.kr\"\n    },\n    \"datePublished\": \"2026-04-03\",\n    \"dateModified\": \"2026-04-03\",\n    \"mainEntityOfPage\": {\n        \"@type\": \"WebPage\"\n    }\n}\n<\/script><\/p>\n<p><!-- FAQ Schema --><br \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\n    \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n    \"@type\": \"FAQPage\",\n    \"mainEntity\": [\n        {\n            \"@type\": \"Question\",\n            \"name\": \"Can an exclusive importer legally block parallel imports in South Korea?\",\n            \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n                \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n                \"text\": \"No. South Korean courts have consistently held that parallel imports of genuine goods do not infringe trademark rights (Supreme Court Decision 99Da42322, September 24, 2002). However, the way a parallel importer sells those goods may be challenged \u2014 for example, using brand trademarks as business signage, stealing advertising photos, or importing counterfeit goods.\"\n            }\n        },\n        {\n            \"@type\": \"Question\",\n            \"name\": \"A parallel importer is using our brand name on their storefront sign in South Korea. Is that legal?\",\n            \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n                \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n                \"text\": \"No. Under Article 2, Subparagraph 1(b) of South Korea's Unfair Competition Prevention Act, using a well-known business mark in a way that causes consumers to confuse the parallel importer's shop with an authorized dealer constitutes an act of business identity confusion. The Supreme Court ruled that displaying a brand trademark prominently on an external sign or business card crosses this line (Supreme Court Decision 99Da42322).\"\n            }\n        },\n        {\n            \"@type\": \"Question\",\n            \"name\": \"What legal tools are available to exclusive importers against parallel importers in South Korea?\",\n            \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n                \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n                \"text\": \"Four main tools are available: (1) sending a cease-and-desist letter to online marketplaces (Coupang, G-market, 11st) citing copyright infringement of advertising materials \u2014 the fastest method; (2) filing a criminal complaint for copyright infringement; (3) filing a civil lawsuit under the Unfair Competition Prevention Act for business identity confusion; and (4) filing a criminal complaint under the Trademark Act if the importer affixed trademarks without authorization or imported counterfeit goods.\"\n            }\n        },\n        {\n            \"@type\": \"Question\",\n            \"name\": \"A parallel importer copied our product photography and posted it on Korean online marketplaces. Can we stop them?\",\n            \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n                \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n                \"text\": \"Yes, if the photos qualify as copyrightable works. Product photos featuring creative composition, lighting, and staging are protected. A criminal complaint for copyright infringement can be filed, and a cease-and-desist notice to the marketplace platform often results in rapid removal of the listings. A Korean court found a parallel importer guilty of copyright infringement for copying four product photos from an official website (Incheon District Court Decision 2017No938, August 10, 2017).\"\n            }\n        },\n        {\n            \"@type\": \"Question\",\n            \"name\": \"Can product instruction manual photos be protected by copyright in South Korea?\",\n            \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n                \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n                \"text\": \"Generally no. South Korean courts have held that photos taken purely to convey practical product-use information \u2014 such as instruction manual images \u2014 lack the originality required for copyright protection, because anyone would produce a nearly identical result shooting the same subject (Daejeon District Court Decision 2014No3555, June 18, 2015). By contrast, advertising photos with creative staging and branding intent are far more likely to qualify.\"\n            }\n        },\n        {\n            \"@type\": \"Question\",\n            \"name\": \"What happens if a parallel importer in South Korea puts the brand trademark on goods that arrived without any trademark attached?\",\n            \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n                \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n                \"text\": \"This falls outside the protection afforded to parallel imports and constitutes trademark infringement. Korean courts have sentenced importers to imprisonment for purchasing unbranded goods from abroad and then stamping or printing the trademark themselves before sale (Incheon District Court Decision 2016GoDan7215, October 19, 2017 \u2014 10 months' imprisonment; Suwon District Court Decision 2015GoDan3230, November 12, 2015 \u2014 1 year, suspended).\"\n            }\n        },\n        {\n            \"@type\": \"Question\",\n            \"name\": \"How does South Korean law determine whether a parallel import is lawful?\",\n            \"acceptedAnswer\": {\n                \"@type\": \"Answer\",\n                \"text\": \"Three cumulative conditions must be met: (1) the trademark was affixed by the foreign trademark owner or a legitimate licensee; (2) the foreign trademark owner and the South Korean registered trademark owner share a legal or economic relationship such that the mark indicates the same source; and (3) there is no material quality difference between the imported goods and those sold by the domestic rights holder. If any condition fails, the import may constitute trademark infringement (Supreme Court Decision 2010Do790, May 27, 2010).\"\n            }\n        }\n    ]\n}\n<\/script><\/p>\n<p><!-- LocalBusiness Schema --><br \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">\n{\n    \"@context\": \"https:\/\/schema.org\",\n    \"@type\": \"LocalBusiness\",\n    \"name\": \"Atlas Legal\",\n    \"image\": \"https:\/\/atlaw.kr\/logo.png\",\n    \"url\": \"https:\/\/atlaw.kr\",\n    \"telephone\": \"+82-32-864-8300\",\n    \"address\": {\n        \"@type\": \"PostalAddress\",\n        \"streetAddress\": \"323 Incheon Tower-daero, Building B, Suite 2901 (Songdo-dong, Centrod)\",\n        \"addressLocality\": \"Incheon\",\n        \"addressRegion\": \"Yeonsu-gu\",\n        \"addressCountry\": \"KR\"\n    },\n    \"priceRange\": \"$$\",\n    \"openingHoursSpecification\": {\n        \"@type\": \"OpeningHoursSpecification\",\n        \"dayOfWeek\": 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class=\"content-container\">\n<p>    <!-- Table of Contents --><\/p>\n<div class=\"toc\">\n<h2>Table of Contents<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#section1\">1. What Legal Options Does an Exclusive Importer Have Against Parallel Importers in South Korea?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#section2\">2. When Does a Parallel Importer&#8217;s Use of a Brand Trademark Become Illegal in South Korea?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#section3\">3. When Does Parallel Importing Itself Become Trademark Infringement Under South Korean Law?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#section4\">4. Can Advertising Photos and Product Images Be Protected Against Parallel Importers in South Korea?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#section5\">5. How Do Exclusive Importers in South Korea Enforce Their Rights in Practice?<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#section6\">6. FAQ<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div>\n<p>    <!-- Story Hook (50-80 words) --><\/p>\n<div class=\"story-hook\">\n<p><strong>Case scenario:<\/strong> A foreign brand&#8217;s exclusive importer in South Korea had invested heavily in building brand recognition \u2014 advertising campaigns, a showroom, an after-sales service network. Then a parallel importer appeared on Coupang, using the same product photos and displaying the brand name on storefront signage as if it were an authorized dealer. Could anything be done about it?<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>    <!-- Direct Answer (40-60 words) --><\/p>\n<div class=\"direct-answer\">\n        <strong>Direct answer:<\/strong> Parallel imports of genuine goods are legal in South Korea and cannot be blocked outright. However, how a parallel importer sells those goods is a different matter. Trademark misuse as business signage, unauthorized copying of advertising materials, and imports of counterfeit goods are all actionable under Korean law.\n    <\/div>\n<p>    <!-- Story Development (100-150 words) --><\/p>\n<div class=\"story-detail\">\n<h3>The line between lawful parallel importing and unlawful conduct in South Korea<\/h3>\n<p class=\"disclaimer\">\u203b The following is based on actual cases handled by our firm, with client details anonymized to protect confidentiality.<\/p>\n<p>In one matter, our client \u2014 an exclusive importer of a consumer product brand \u2014 discovered that a parallel importer had copied its professionally produced product photography verbatim and posted it across multiple Korean online marketplaces. Working with Atlas Legal, the client pursued two parallel strategies. First, cease-and-desist notices were sent to the marketplace platforms, citing copyright infringement. The platforms removed the infringing listings within days. Second, a criminal complaint for copyright infringement was filed, and the matter was resolved through a criminal conciliation process in which the parallel importer agreed to cease using all of our client&#8217;s advertising materials. The key insight from this experience: parallel importing may be lawful, but the conduct surrounding the sale often is not.<\/p>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>    <!-- GEO paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>South Korea has a significant community of foreign-invested companies and multinational brand owners operating through authorized exclusive importers or distributors. This article is intended to help brand owners, exclusive distributors, and foreign legal teams understand the legal framework governing parallel imports under South Korean law, and the practical enforcement tools available when parallel importers cross the legal line.<\/p>\n<p>    <!-- Section 1 --><br \/>\n    <\/p>\n<h2 id=\"section1\">1. What Legal Options Does an Exclusive Importer Have Against Parallel Importers in South Korea?<\/h2>\n<p>South Korean law distinguishes sharply between the act of parallel importing \u2014 which is lawful \u2014 and the conduct that surrounds the sale of parallel-imported goods, which may not be. Four distinct legal tools are available to exclusive importers.<\/p>\n<h3>Overview of enforcement tools<\/h3>\n<table>\n<tr>\n<th>Legal Tool<\/th>\n<th>Statutory Basis<\/th>\n<th>Target Conduct<\/th>\n<th>Typical Timeline<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Cease-and-desist to online marketplace<\/td>\n<td>Copyright Act<\/td>\n<td>Unauthorized use of advertising photos\/videos<\/td>\n<td>Days to weeks<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Criminal complaint (copyright)<\/td>\n<td>Copyright Act Art. 136(1)<\/td>\n<td>Unauthorized reproduction of copyrighted advertising materials<\/td>\n<td>Several months<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Civil injunction and damages<\/td>\n<td>Unfair Competition Prevention Act Art. 2(1)(b)<\/td>\n<td>Business identity confusion via trademark use on signage\/business cards<\/td>\n<td>1 year or more<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Criminal complaint (trademark)<\/td>\n<td>Trademark Act Art. 230<\/td>\n<td>Self-affixing trademarks, importing counterfeits<\/td>\n<td>Several months to 1 year<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<p>The right combination depends on the specific misconduct involved. In practice, the cease-and-desist approach targeting online marketplaces is often the fastest and most cost-effective first step, while criminal complaints create pressure for negotiated resolution.<\/p>\n<p>    <!-- Section 2 --><br \/>\n    <\/p>\n<h2 id=\"section2\">2. When Does a Parallel Importer&#8217;s Use of a Brand Trademark Become Illegal in South Korea?<\/h2>\n<p>Even if a parallel importer is selling genuine goods, using the brand&#8217;s trademark in a way that causes consumers to believe the shop is an authorized dealer constitutes an act of business identity confusion under the Unfair Competition Prevention Act \u2014 regardless of whether trademark infringement is separately established.<\/p>\n<h3>The leading case: Supreme Court Decision 99Da42322 (September 24, 2002)<\/h3>\n<p>This case involved BURBERRYS-branded products. The parallel importer sold genuine goods but also used the brand&#8217;s trademarks on exterior signs, interior displays, packaging, shopping bags, and staff business cards. Both the Seoul District Court (97GaHap32678, May 29, 1998) and ultimately the Supreme Court addressed where the line falls.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\n<th>Use of Brand Trademark<\/th>\n<th>Permissible?<\/th>\n<th>Reasoning<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Exterior storefront signage<\/td>\n<td>No \u2014 business identity confusion<\/td>\n<td>Functions as a business mark; consumers likely to mistake shop for authorized dealer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Staff business cards<\/td>\n<td>No \u2014 business identity confusion<\/td>\n<td>Recipients may assume holder is affiliated with the foreign brand or its official agent<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Interior display signage<\/td>\n<td>Yes \u2014 permitted<\/td>\n<td>Minimal standalone business-mark function; helps customers locate merchandise<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Packaging and shopping bags<\/td>\n<td>Yes \u2014 permitted<\/td>\n<td>Provided free with purchase; not functioning as a business mark<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Advertising materials and magazine ads<\/td>\n<td>Yes \u2014 permitted (unless framed as authorized dealer)<\/td>\n<td>Advertising genuine goods is inherent to their sale; permissible if not misleading as to dealer status<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<h3>The &#8220;multi-brand shop&#8221; distinction \u2014 Busan District Court Decisions 2012GoJeong6234 and 2013No1985<\/h3>\n<p>These decisions involved a parallel importer selling Nike, Adidas, and Reebok products in a multi-brand shop. The court acquitted the defendant on both trademark and unfair competition charges, noting three key facts: the Nike mark on the entrance banner appeared only in small print alongside multiple other brand names; interior signage was modest in size and accompanied by other brands at similar scale; and the staff business card displayed the shop&#8217;s own name prominently, with Nike listed in small type alongside Reebok and Converse.<\/p>\n<p>The acquittals confirm that the analysis is highly fact-specific. A parallel importer displaying a single brand&#8217;s trademark alone, prominently, in a format indistinguishable from that brand&#8217;s own authorized retail presence would face a very different outcome.<\/p>\n<p>    <!-- Section 3 --><br \/>\n    <\/p>\n<h2 id=\"section3\">3. When Does Parallel Importing Itself Become Trademark Infringement Under South Korean Law?<\/h2>\n<p>Parallel importing is presumed lawful, but three cumulative conditions must be satisfied. Failure to meet any one of them transforms the import into trademark infringement.<\/p>\n<h3>The three-condition test (Supreme Court Decision 2010Do790, May 27, 2010)<\/h3>\n<p>The Supreme Court established in this K\u00b7SWISS slippers case that a parallel import does not infringe the domestic trademark only if all of the following are met.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\n<th>Condition<\/th>\n<th>Content<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u2460 Legitimate trademark affixation<\/td>\n<td>The foreign trademark owner or a legitimate licensee affixed the trademark to the imported goods<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u2461 Same-source requirement<\/td>\n<td>The foreign trademark owner and the South Korean registered trademark owner share a legal or economic relationship, or the imported goods otherwise indicate the same source as the domestically registered mark<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u2462 No material quality difference<\/td>\n<td>There is no material quality difference between the imported goods and those sold by the South Korean trademark holder<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<h3>Type 1: Self-affixing a trademark on goods that arrived without one<\/h3>\n<p>Incheon District Court Decision 2016GoDan7215 (October 19, 2017) sentenced a defendant to ten months&#8217; imprisonment for importing LLumar-branded automotive window film that bore no trademark on the film itself, then using a marking machine to print the trademark onto the film and packaging before sale. The court held that parallel import protection applies only where the trademark was affixed by the rights holder \u2014 not where the importer creates the trademark impression itself. Suwon District Court Decision 2015GoDan3230 (November 12, 2015) reached the same conclusion, adding a customs fraud charge, and imposed a one-year suspended sentence.<\/p>\n<h3>Type 2: No legal or economic relationship between foreign and domestic trademark owners<\/h3>\n<p>Incheon District Court Decision 2017No938 (August 10, 2017) convicted a defendant who imported furniture bearing a Taiwanese manufacturer&#8217;s trademark via a Russian intermediary. The domestic trademark owner \u2014 a Korean company \u2014 had independently developed product designs, built its own distribution network, and conducted extensive advertising, establishing itself as a distinct source. The Taiwanese manufacturer had itself confirmed in writing that the two companies were independent legal entities and that their supply agreement was purely an OEM\/ODM arrangement unrelated to trademark rights. The Seoul High Court (2016Ra20468) had already granted a trademark infringement injunction on the same facts, affirmed by the Supreme Court (2016Ma5884) in February 2017, which weighed heavily in the criminal conviction.<\/p>\n<h3>Type 3: Importing counterfeit goods<\/h3>\n<p>Where the goods are not genuine at all, no parallel import defense is available. Busan District Court Decision 2019GoDan3346 (October 14, 2019) convicted defendants who imported what turned out to be counterfeit bearings \u2014 despite their claim that they believed the goods were genuine parallel imports. The court rejected the defense on two grounds: the evidence (expert reports) established the goods were fake, and even if the defendants had genuinely believed otherwise, they had taken no steps \u2014 such as seeking legal advice \u2014 to verify the position before importing.<\/p>\n<p>    <!-- Section 4 --><br \/>\n    <\/p>\n<h2 id=\"section4\">4. Can Advertising Photos and Product Images Be Protected Against Parallel Importers in South Korea?<\/h2>\n<p>Yes \u2014 but the protection depends on whether the images in question qualify as copyrightable works under South Korean law. The analysis turns on whether the photographs reflect the photographer&#8217;s individual creativity, not merely technical competence.<\/p>\n<h3>When advertising photos are protected: Incheon District Court Decision 2017No938<\/h3>\n<p>In the same case discussed above, the defendant also copied four product photographs directly from the Taiwanese manufacturer&#8217;s website and posted them on Korean online shopping platforms to advertise the imported furniture. The court found these photographs were owned by the domestic trademark holder and that reproducing them without authorization constituted copyright infringement. The copyright and trademark convictions were treated as concurrent offenses, resulting in a combined fine of KRW 5 million.<\/p>\n<h3>When product photos are not protected: Daejeon District Court Decision 2014No3555 (June 18, 2015)<\/h3>\n<p>A parallel importer of a depilatory product scanned five photographs from the product&#8217;s instruction manual and posted them on Korean online marketplaces. The court acquitted the defendant on copyright grounds, finding that instruction manual photographs \u2014 whose sole purpose is to demonstrate product use clearly and accurately \u2014 lack the originality required for copyright protection. The court reasoned that anyone tasked with photographing the same subject would produce an essentially identical result, leaving no room for individual creative expression.<\/p>\n<p>South Korean copyright law requires, for photographic works, that the photographer&#8217;s individuality and creativity be evident in choices such as subject selection, framing, lighting direction and intensity, camera angle, shutter speed, timing, and development or processing (Supreme Court Decisions 2008Da44542, December 23, 2010; 2005Do3130, December 8, 2006; 98Da43366, May 8, 2001). The distinction that matters in practice: product-use instruction images taken to convey information faithfully will generally not qualify, while professionally staged advertising images created to build brand image almost always will.<\/p>\n<h3>Civil remedy when copyright protection is unavailable<\/h3>\n<p>Even where an advertising image does not meet the copyright originality threshold, reproducing it without authorization may still give rise to a civil tort claim under the Civil Act. An injunction and damages action can be pursued on the basis that the exclusive importer&#8217;s investment in creating and deploying the advertising material is a legally protected interest.<\/p>\n<p>    <!-- Section 5 --><br \/>\n    <\/p>\n<h2 id=\"section5\">5. How Do Exclusive Importers in South Korea Enforce Their Rights in Practice?<\/h2>\n<p>The following is a practical overview of the four main enforcement steps, drawn from cases handled at our firm.<\/p>\n<h3>Step 1: Cease-and-desist to online marketplace platforms<\/h3>\n<p>Where a parallel importer is selling through Coupang, G-market, or 11st (11\ubc88\uac00), a cease-and-desist notice to the platform operator citing copyright infringement of advertising photographs is typically the fastest remedy. Korean marketplace platforms routinely suspend listings that are the subject of a credible copyright claim while the complaint is under review. This approach does not require litigation and can produce results within days.<\/p>\n<p>In one case handled by our office, this method caused the infringing listings to be suspended before the parallel importer could react, significantly reducing their sales window during the peak season.<\/p>\n<h3>Step 2: Criminal complaint for copyright infringement<\/h3>\n<p>Where the parallel importer has reproduced creative advertising materials \u2014 professional photography, promotional videos, or original copy \u2014 a criminal complaint for copyright infringement creates meaningful pressure for a negotiated resolution. In our experience, most such cases are resolved through the criminal conciliation process, with the parallel importer agreeing to cease all use of the exclusive importer&#8217;s materials as a condition of settlement.<\/p>\n<h3>Step 3: Civil action under the Unfair Competition Prevention Act<\/h3>\n<p>Where a parallel importer is using the brand&#8217;s trademark on exterior signage or business cards in a way that makes their operation appear to be an authorized outlet, a civil injunction action under Article 2, Subparagraph 1(b) of the Unfair Competition Prevention Act can compel removal and destruction of the infringing materials. This remedy is available to the exclusive importer even without trademark ownership, provided the exclusive importer can demonstrate that the conduct threatens its business interests.<\/p>\n<h3>Step 4: Criminal complaint under the Trademark Act<\/h3>\n<p>Where a parallel importer has self-affixed trademarks on goods that arrived without them, or has imported counterfeits, a criminal complaint under Article 230 of the Trademark Act is appropriate. Korean courts have imposed custodial sentences in such cases \u2014 not merely fines \u2014 making this a serious deterrent.<\/p>\n<p>    <!-- FAQ --><br \/>\n    <\/p>\n<h2 id=\"section6\">6. FAQ<\/h2>\n<div class=\"faq-section\">\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<div class=\"faq-question\">Q1. Can an exclusive importer legally block parallel imports in South Korea?<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-answer\">A. No. South Korean courts have consistently held that parallel imports of genuine goods do not infringe trademark rights (Supreme Court Decision 99Da42322, September 24, 2002). However, the way a parallel importer sells those goods may be challenged \u2014 for example, using brand trademarks as business signage, stealing advertising photos, or importing counterfeit goods.<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<div class=\"faq-question\">Q2. A parallel importer is using our brand name on their storefront sign in South Korea. Is that legal?<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-answer\">A. No. Under Article 2, Subparagraph 1(b) of South Korea&#8217;s Unfair Competition Prevention Act, using a well-known business mark in a way that causes consumers to confuse the parallel importer&#8217;s shop with an authorized dealer constitutes business identity confusion. The Supreme Court ruled that displaying a brand trademark prominently on an external sign or business card crosses this line (Supreme Court Decision 99Da42322).<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<div class=\"faq-question\">Q3. What legal tools are available to exclusive importers against parallel importers in South Korea?<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-answer\">A. Four main tools are available: (1) sending a cease-and-desist to online marketplaces citing copyright infringement \u2014 the fastest method; (2) filing a criminal complaint for copyright infringement; (3) filing a civil lawsuit under the Unfair Competition Prevention Act for business identity confusion; and (4) filing a criminal complaint under the Trademark Act where the importer self-affixed trademarks or imported counterfeits.<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<div class=\"faq-question\">Q4. A parallel importer copied our product photography and posted it on Korean online marketplaces. Can we stop them?<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-answer\">A. Yes, if the photos qualify as copyrightable works. Professionally staged advertising photography is typically protected. A cease-and-desist notice to the marketplace platform often results in rapid listing removal. A criminal complaint may also be pursued. A Korean court found a parallel importer guilty of copyright infringement for copying four product photos from an official website (Incheon District Court Decision 2017No938, August 10, 2017).<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<div class=\"faq-question\">Q5. Can product instruction manual photos be protected by copyright in South Korea?<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-answer\">A. Generally no. South Korean courts have held that photos taken purely to convey product-use information \u2014 such as instruction manual images \u2014 lack the originality required for copyright protection, because anyone would produce a nearly identical result shooting the same subject (Daejeon District Court Decision 2014No3555, June 18, 2015). By contrast, advertising photos with creative staging and branding intent are far more likely to qualify.<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<div class=\"faq-question\">Q6. What happens if a parallel importer in South Korea puts the brand trademark on goods that arrived without any trademark attached?<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-answer\">A. This constitutes trademark infringement and falls entirely outside the protection afforded to parallel imports. Korean courts have sentenced importers to imprisonment for this conduct (Incheon District Court Decision 2016GoDan7215, October 19, 2017 \u2014 10 months&#8217; imprisonment; Suwon District Court Decision 2015GoDan3230, November 12, 2015 \u2014 1 year, suspended).<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-item\">\n<div class=\"faq-question\">Q7. How does South Korean law determine whether a parallel import is lawful?<\/div>\n<div class=\"faq-answer\">A. Three cumulative conditions must be met: (1) the trademark was affixed by the foreign trademark owner or a legitimate licensee; (2) the foreign trademark owner and the South Korean registered trademark owner share a legal or economic relationship such that the mark indicates the same source; and (3) there is no material quality difference between the imported goods and those sold by the domestic rights holder. If any condition fails, the import may constitute trademark infringement (Supreme Court Decision 2010Do790, May 27, 2010).<\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<\/p><\/div>\n<p>Enforcement strategy against parallel importers in South Korea requires careful analysis of the specific conduct involved. The legal tools available \u2014 from marketplace takedown notices to criminal complaints \u2014 each serve different purposes and operate on different timescales. An approach combining immediate platform-level action with longer-term legal pressure tends to be most effective.<\/p>\n<p class=\"disclaimer\">\u203b The information in this article is provided for general informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. The applicable law and its interpretation may vary depending on the specific facts of each case. Please consult a qualified Korean attorney before taking any legal action.<\/p>\n<div class=\"author-box\">\n<h3>About the Author<\/h3>\n<div class=\"author-name\">Taejin Kim | Managing Partner<\/div>\n<div class=\"author-info\">Corporate Advisory \u00b7 Corporate Disputes \u00b7 Corporate Criminal Defense<\/div>\n<div class=\"author-info\">Former Prosecutor | 33rd Class, Judicial Research and Training Institute<\/div>\n<div class=\"author-info\">LL.B. &amp; LL.M. in Criminal Law, Korea University | LL.M., University of California, Davis<\/div>\n<div class=\"author-info\">Atlas Legal | Incheon Songdo, South Korea<\/div>\n<p>        <a href=\"https:\/\/atlaw.kr\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Visit Atlas Legal<\/a>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Table of Contents 1. What Legal Options Does an Exclusive Importer Have Against Parallel Importers in South Korea? 2. When Does a Parallel Importer&#8217;s Use of a Brand Trademark Become Illegal in South Korea? 3. When Does Parallel Importing Itself Become Trademark Infringement Under South Korean Law? 4. Can Advertising Photos and Product Images Be&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kadence_starter_templates_imported_post":false,"_kad_post_transparent":"default","_kad_post_title":"default","_kad_post_layout":"default","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"default","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"default","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[223,15,16,224],"tags":[257,636,634,635,74],"class_list":["post-750","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-corporate-disputes","category-corporate","category-criminal","category-white-collar-crime","tag-atlas-legal","tag-exclusive-importer-korea","tag-parallel-import-south-korea","tag-trademark-infringement-korea","tag-unfair-competition-prevention-act"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>How to Stop Parallel Importers in South Korea: Legal Guide | Atlas Legal<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Parallel imports are legal in South Korea, but trademark misuse, ad image theft, and counterfeit goods are actionable. 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